QEMU 模拟器定制根文件系统

[toc]

安装 qemu-user-static

sudo apt install qemu-user-static

下载 Ubuntu 根文件系统

http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-base/releases/

我这里下载的是 ubuntu-base-20.04.1-base-armhf.tar.gz

注意这里需要使用 root 权限解压

mkdir ubuntu20
sudo tar -xvf ubuntu-base-20.04.1-base-armhf.tar.gz -C ubuntu20/

拷贝 qemu-user-static 到 ./usr/bin/

cd ubuntu20
sudo cp /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static ./usr/bin/

挂载并 chroot

在 ubuntu20 上一级目录创建 m.sh；脚本内容见 附件1

使用脚本挂载

./m.sh -m ubuntu20/

此时就进入 Arm 系统了

配置跟文件系统

设置 root 密码

passwd root

修改主机名

echo 'ubuntu' > /etc/hostname

设置 DNS

临时生效

echo 'nameserver 180.76.76.76' > /etc/resolv.conf

永久生效

vim /etc/systemd/resolved.conf

在 [Resolve] 节点下增加

DNS=180.76.76.76 8.8.8.8

重启

查看 DNS

resolvectl status

设置本机解析

 echo '127.0.0.1 localhost' >>/etc/hosts
 echo "127.0.0.1 $(cat /etc/hostname)" >>/etc/hosts

apt 源换为国内镜像

sed -i 's/ports.ubuntu.com/mirrors.aliyun.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list

愉快的使用 apt 安装软件

apt update
apt install iputils-ping sudo ssh ifupdown vim iproute2

安装了 ifupdown 之后配置网卡

vim /etc/network/interfaces

文件内容：

# interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8)
# Include files from /etc/network/interfaces.d:
source-directory /etc/network/interfaces.d
auto lo inet loopback

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
  address 192.168.110.103
  netmask 255.255.255.0
  gateway 192.168.110.1
  dns-nameservers 180.76.76.76 8.8.8.8

退出并清理

退出

exit

取消挂载

/m.sh -u ubuntu20/

制作文件镜像请参考《将已有 Linux 系统做成 img 镜像》

附件1 m.sh 脚本

#!/bin/bash
mnt ()
{
    echo "MOUNTING"
    sudo mount -t proc /proc ${2}/proc
    sudo mount -t sysfs /sys ${2}/sys
    sudo mount -o bind /dev ${2}/dev
    sudo mount -o bind /dev/pts ${2}/dev/pts
    sudo chroot ${2}
}
umnt ()
{
    echo "UNMOUNTING"
    sudo umount ${2}/proc
    sudo umount ${2}/sys
    sudo umount ${2}/dev/pts
    sudo umount ${2}/dev
}

if [ "$1" = "-m" ] && [ -n "$2" ];
then
    mnt $1 $2
    echo "mnt -m pwd"
elif [ "$1" = "-u" ] && [ -n "$2" ];
then
    umnt $1 $2
    echo "mnt -u pwd"
else
    echo ""
    echo "Either 1'st, 2'nd or bothparameters were missing"
    echo ""
    echo "1'st parameter can be one ofthese: -m(mount) OR -u(umount)"
    echo "2'nd parameter is the full pathof rootfs directory"
    echo ""
    echo "For example: ch-mount -m/media/sdcard/"
    echo ""
    echo 1st parameter : ${1}
    echo 2nd parameter : ${2}
fi